whats on the test ?

Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms:
-Middle Ages (476-1453)
-3 roots in: classical heritage of Rome, beliefs of Roman Catholic Church

-Customs of various Germanic tribes

The overrun of the western half of the Roman empire causes:
-disruption of trade
-downfall of cities
-population shifts to rural areas 

Romance languages are: French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian

Manor-people were loyal to,the lord, not kingdom.
Serfs, Knights, Lords  (king, church officials nobles, knights, peasants)

Clovis rules Gaul (people known as Franks) works with the Church (511)

Rules:
-Vows of poverty
-Chastity
-Obedience

What is a combination of religious and military rule?
Theocracy

Tithes=church taxes used to build roads and raise armies 

Secular-worldly power

Pope Gregory- secular power

Charles Martel (the hammer)-defeats the muslims at the battle of Tours in 732
Franks/Charles win
Tours-city
Year-732

Charles Martel(Charles the hammer) wins battle of tours
↓
Pepin the Short-named king by the Pope
↓
Charles, Charlemagne (Charles the great) 6ft 4 in warrior.
-expanded the Frankish kingdom into an Empire
-United most of western Europe for the first time since the roman Empire.
-Split empire into 3 places: Treaty of Verdun
-Louis the Pious, Charles the Bald, Lothair

Jerusalem Holy City for three religions: Christianity, Judaism, Muslims 

Pope Urban the 2nd started the crusades

Crusade-Taking of the cross

Final Result of Crusades: The christians didn’t gain anything and the intolerance grows between christians and muslims 

Buildings of Religions:
Dome of the Rock (muslim)
Western Wall (Judaism)

Church of the Holy Sepulcher (Christianity)

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